III. Individual Planets & Celestial Bodies

Earth:

1. The moon is called a satellite of the Earth because it revolves around the Earth.
2. The gravity of the Moon as compared to Earth is 1/6.
3. Sunlight reaches the Earth in about 8 minutes.
4. The time taken by the Earth to revolve around the Sun is approximately 365 days.
5. Earth is known as “Blue Planet.”
6. Earth is known as “Terra Planet.”
7. Earth is also called a “Watery Planet.”
8. Earth has only one satellite (Moon).
9. Earth has a longer day than Venus.
10. Mars has less gravity than the Earth.
11. Mars takes very nearly the same time for a day and one year as Earth does.
12. The orbit of the Earth is not a perfect circle but an ellipse.
13. Heat released by the Earth is a result of solar energy and geothermal activity.
14. During winter, the distance between the Moon, Earth, and Sun decreases slightly in the Northern Hemisphere due to Earth’s elliptical orbit.
15. The planet with the highest amount of oxygen is Earth.
16. The mass of the Moon is 1/81 that of Earth.
17. The Moon is about 1/4 the size of Earth in diameter.
18. Only 57% of the Moon’s surface is visible from Earth due to libration.
19. The largest astronomical observation point in the solar system is the Sun itself.

Moon:

1. Lunar eclipse is also known as “blood moon“.
2. On the Moon, due to the absence of gravity, astronauts can jump about 10 feet vertically.
3. The Moon takes 27 days to rotate around Earth.
4. The Moon’s orbit is not circular but elliptical.
5. The maximum day and night temperatures on the Moon are 120°C and -130°C respectively.
6. The Moon has no atmosphere that causes the phases of the Moon.
7. The moon takes 28 days to return to the same position against the stars.
8. The Lunar Sea refers to the dark plains on the Moon, also called “Maria.”
9. Lunar sea refers to a dark plain on the moon.

Sun:

1. The Sun is brighter than the Earth by 109 times.
2. The temperature at the surface of the Sun and its center is, respectively, about 6000 K and 15 million K.
3. Sun-spots are seen in the outer surface of the Sun as dark patches.
4. The Sun-spots are caused by the solar system in the form of size & filth.
5. The Sun is tilted at 7.5° to 15° south of the equator.
6. The temperature of the Sun’s center is 15 million °C, and the temperature of the Sun’s surface is 5500 to 6000°C.
7. The visible part of the sun is called the photosphere.
8. The sun is 109 times bigger than the earth.
9. Sunlight is sometimes thickened by air but appears white when observed by a telescope.
10. The Sun maintains its heat and light due to nuclear energy.
11. Galileo was the first to observe sun-spots.
12. The Earth is closest to the sun at a speed of 29.76 km/sec.
13. The mean distance from the earth to the Sun is 149,000,000 km.
14. The Sun is located about 25,000–28,000 light-years from the center of the Milky Way.

1. The smallest planet is Mercury.
2. The fastest planet is Mercury.
3. Mercury is the planet which is not only the smallest but also nearest to the Sun.
4. Mercury and Venus lie between the sun and the Earth.
5. Among all planets, Mercury has the fastest motion.
6. The planet Mercury is always near to the Sun.
7. Mercury rotates on its axis once in 88 days.
8. Mercury and Venus are the only planets of the solar system that have no moons (moons-less).
9. Mercury has the shortest revolution period around the Sun and has no atmosphere.

Venus:

1. The planet nearest to the Earth is Venus.
2. The brightest planet in the Solar System is Venus.
3. Venus is known as the “Morning Star.”
4. Venus is known as the “Evening Star.”
5. Venus is the second planet from the sun, yet appears on our skies as the fastest reflector.
6. Venus contains the largest quantity of carbon dioxide with 95%.
7. Venus is the brightest as seen from the Earth.
8. The evening star that indicates the West is Venus.
9. The brightest mass in the sky after the Sun and Moon is Venus.
10. The highest percentage of light received from the sun is by Venus.
11. The angle between Earth and Venus is 47°.
12. The planet which lies next to Venus is Earth.
13. Venus is known as the “Earth’s twin.”
14. 6 months is the maximum length of a day on Venus.
15. Venus was the first to demonstrate that a planet (like Mars) was, like ours, rotating on a 24-hour long day.
16. Mercury and Venus lie between the sun and the Earth.
17. Venus has almost the same mass, size and density as Earth.
18. Mercury and Venus are the only planets of the solar system that have no moons (moons-less).
19. Planet Venus is known as “Earth’s twin” due to its similar size and composition.
20. Venus is the hottest planet in our solar system with a surface temperature of approximately 475°C.

Mars:

1. NASA has recently sent an Opportunity space shuttle to Mars.
2. Mars has a smaller diameter than Earth.
3. Mars has less gravity than the Earth.
4. Mars takes very nearly the same time for a day and one year as Earth does.
5. According to new scientific research, water is present on the surface of Mars except the earth planet.
6. Occurrence of ozone is most relevant for the protection of life on Mars.
7. Mars has two moons, named Phobos and Deimos.
8. Deimos, one of Mars’ moons, has an average diameter of 6.2 km.
9. Mars, neighbour of Earth, has two natural satellites — Phobos and Deimos.

Jupiter:

1. Jupiter is the biggest planet in our solar system.
2. Jupiter is larger than the Earth by about 11 times.
3. The planet with the shortest daytime is Jupiter.
4. Jupiter is more massive than the Earth by about 318 times.
5. Jupiter has a greater diameter than Earth.
6. Jupiter comes first in the descending order of planets (with Earth, Saturn, Uranus next).
7. The Great Red Spot on Jupiter is a high-pressure storm, about 2–3 times the size of Earth.
8. The largest moon is Ganymede, with a diameter of 5262 km.
9. The diameter of Ganymede (Jupiter’s moon) is 5262 km.

Saturn:

1. There is a well-developed system of rings around Saturn.
2. There are 145 Satellites (Moons) of Saturn Planet.
3. Titan is the biggest satellite of Saturn.
4. Christians Huygens was the first to speculate on rotating rings covered with clouds.
5. The rings of Saturn were discovered by Galileo in 1610.
6. Saturn has the largest number of natural satellites (moons).
7. Titan is the satellite of Saturn.

Uranus:

1. Uranus orbits around the sun in a clockwise direction.
2.  Uranus is a planet that is mostly ice.

Neptune:

1. Neptune is the last planet in the solar system.
2. The coldest planet of the solar system is Neptune.
3. The planet which revolves very slowly around the Sun is Neptune.
4. Triton is a satellite of Neptune.
5. Neptune’s orbit around the sun takes about 165 years.
6. Neptune is the windiest and farthest planet in the solar system.
7. The planet Neptune has the longest revolution period around the Sun, so it has the longest year.

Pluto & Dwarf Planets:

1. Makemake is the second-most massive known dwarf planet in the Solar System (after Eris) and lies in the trans-Neptunian zone.
2. A new planet in the orbit of the Sun, Eris, also known as Xena, lies beyond Pluto.
3. Pluto, Haumea, and Eris – located in the Kuiper Belt – are classified as dwarf bodies.
4. Makemake is slightly smaller than Pluto and is the second-brightest object in the Kuiper Belt.
5. Snow-capped mountains are hypothetically present on Pluto, due to frozen nitrogen and methane ice.
6. Pluto is called the Dwarf planet.
7. Pluto, a planet of the solar system, has been casted out from the list of planets.