CH # 5 State of Matter – Liquids ONELINERS

/ Chemistry / By
  1. Liquids have fixed volume but no fixed shape.
  2. Particles in liquids are close due to short-range attractive forces.
  3. Different liquids have varying force strengths affecting boiling point, evaporation, etc.
  4. Pure liquids are single-phase substances with identical molecules.
  5. Liquid molecules form clusters and flow when they gain energy.
  6. Water is the most abundant liquid on Earth.
  7. Oils are used for lubrication and cooking.
  8. Liquid fuels include gasoline, kerosene, and diesel.
  9. Mercury and bromine are liquid at room temperature.
  10. Molecules in liquids are close with small gaps.
  11. Liquids exhibit Brownian motion due to frequent collisions.
  12. Volume doesn’t change much with heating in liquids.
  13. Diffusion in liquids is slow due to small gaps.
  14. Liquids are almost incompressible (used in hydraulic brakes).
  15. Liquids expand on heating and contract on cooling.
  16. Kinetic energy in liquids is lower than gases.
  17. Van der Waal forces are weak attractive forces between liquid molecules.
  18. Dipole-dipole interaction occurs between polar molecules.
  19. Hydrogen bonding is a strong dipole-dipole interaction.
  20. Hydrogen bonding keeps water liquid at ordinary temperatures.
  21. Water has high specific heat due to hydrogen bonds.
  22. Water’s boiling point is 100°C due to extensive H-bonding.
  23. Water is densest at 4°C.
  24. Ice floats because it’s less dense than liquid water.
  25. Hydrogen bonding is crucial for biomolecules like proteins and DNA.
  26. London dispersion forces are weak forces between non-polar molecules.
  27. Evaporation is when a liquid turns into vapor at its surface.
  28. Volatile liquids evaporate easily (e.g., ethanol).
  29. Evaporation is endothermic, absorbing heat.
  30. Vapor pressure is the pressure at dynamic equilibrium.
  31. Boiling point is when vapor pressure equals atmospheric pressure.
  32. Normal boiling point is at 1 atm (760 torr).
  33. Glycerin boils at 290°C at 760 torr but decomposes under reduced pressure.
  34. Viscosity is the internal resistance to flow.
  35. Viscosity depends on intermolecular forces and temperature.
  36. Surface tension causes liquids to minimize surface area.
  37. Surface tension is due to unbalanced downward pull on surface molecules.
  38. Liquids form spherical shapes to minimize surface area.
  39. Capillary action is caused by cohesive and adhesive forces.
  40. Liquid crystals are a state between liquid and solid, used in LCDs (liquid crystral displays),temperature sensors, etc.