A computer operating system (OS) is software that manages hardware and software resources.
Moreover, It acts as a bridge between the user and the computer hardware.
- The primary role of an Operating System (OS) is to act as an intermediary between the user and Computer Hardware.
- The core part of the operating system that manages all system resources is called the Kernel.
- A program that is currently loaded into memory and being executed is formally known as a Process.
- The technique where the OS loads a program into memory and executes it is known as Process Management.
- The OS component that provides an interface for users to type commands is the Command Line Interface (CLI) or Shell.
- An OS interface that uses icons, menus, and windows for interaction is the Graphical User Interface (GUI).
- Throughput is the total number of processes completed per unit time.
- The UNIX/Linux system call used to create a new process (child process) is fork().
- A Thread is often described as a Lightweight Process.
- Threads within the same process share the Code Section, Data Section, and OS Resources (memory space).
- Inter-Process Communication (IPC) is required for cooperating processes to exchange information.
- Shared Memory is the fastest mechanism for Inter-Process Communication (IPC) once established.
- Round Robin (RR) is the preemptive scheduling algorithm that uses a fixed time slice (quantum).
- Shortest Job First (SJF) is the non-preemptive algorithm that minimizes average waiting time.
- The preemptive version of Shortest Job First is called Shortest Remaining Time First (SRTF).
- The indefinite blocking of a low-priority process by higher-priority processes is known as Starvation.
- Aging is a technique used in Priority Scheduling to prevent starvation by gradually increasing a waiting process’s priority.
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